Location and Function of the Pons in the Human Brain

In Latin, the word pons literally means bridge. The pons is a portion of the hindbrain that connects the cerebral cortex with the medulla oblongata. It also serves as a communications and coordination center between the two hemispheres of the brain. As a part of the brainstem, the pons helps in the transferring of nervous system messages between various parts of the brain and the spinal cord. Function The pons is involved in several functions of the body including: ArousalAutonomic function: breathing regulationRelaying sensory information between the cerebrum and cerebellumSleep Several cranial nerves originate in the pons. The largest cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve aids in facial sensation and chewing. The abducens nerve assists in eye movement. The facial nerve enables facial movement and expressions. It also aids in our sense of taste and swallowing. The vestibulocochlear nerve aids in hearing and helps us maintain our equilibrium. The pons  helps to regulate the respiratory system by assisting the medulla oblongata in controlling breathing rate. The pons is also involved in the control of sleep cycles and the regulation of deep sleep. The pons activates inhibitory centers in the medulla in order to inhibit movement during sleep. Another primary function of the pons is to connect the forebrain with the hindbrain. It connects the cerebrum to the cerebellum through the cerebral peduncle. The cerebral peduncle is the anterior portion of the midbrain that consists of large nerve tracts. The pons relays sensory information between the cerebrum and cerebellum. Functions under the control of the cerebellum include  fine motor coordination and control, balance, equilibrium, muscle tone, fine motor coordination, and a sense of body position. Location Directionally, the pons is superior to the medulla oblongata and inferior to the midbrain. Sagittally, it is anterior to the cerebellum and posterior to the pituitary gland. The fourth ventricle runs posteriorly to the pons and medulla in the brainstem. Pons Injury Damage to the pons can result in serious problems as this brain area is important for connecting areas of the brain that control autonomic functions and movement. Injury to the pons may result in sleep disturbances, sensory problems, arousal dysfunction and coma. Locked-in syndrome is a condition resulting from damage to nerve pathways in the pons that connect the cerebrum, spinal cord, and cerebellum. The damage disrupts voluntary muscle control leading to quadriplegia and the inability to speak. Individuals with locked-in syndrome are consciously aware of what is going on around them but are unable to move any parts of their bodies except for their eyes and eyelids. They communicate by blinking or moving their eyes. Locked-in syndrome is most commonly caused by decreased blood flow to the pons or bleeding in the pons. These symptoms are often the result of blood clot or stroke. Damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the pons results in a condition called central pontine myelinolysis. The myelin sheath is an insulating layer of lipids and proteins that help neurons conduct nerve impulses more efficiently. Central pontine myelinolysis can result in difficulty swallowing and speaking, as well as paralysis. A blockage of the arteries that supply blood to the pons can cause a type of stroke known as lacunar stroke. This type of stroke occurs deep within the brain and typically only involves a small portion of the brain.  Individuals suffering from a lacunar stroke may experience numbness, paralysis, loss of memory,  difficulty in speaking or walking, coma, or death. Divisions of the Brain Forebrain: encompasses the cerebral cortex and brain lobes.Midbrain: connects the forebrain to the hindbrain.Hindbrain: regulates autonomic functions and coordinates movement.

An Absence of Morality in Shakespeare´s Richard III

During Shakespeares time, it was not uncommon for people to use unethical tactics to gain positions of power, these methods could range from simple bribing or much more elaborate planned assassinations of important figureheads. The practice of using unethical means to gain power is a common theme in history, even up to modern politics, many politicians will provide one-sided pieces of information to make their competition look bad. In William Shakespeares wonderfully written tragedy â€Å"Richard III†, the main villain appears to have no moral character, doing whatever he deems necessary to achieve his goal of becoming king. Richard kills his own brother because he feels it is necessary if he is going to take the throne, and to hide his motives he is quite adept at putting up facades of love. Early on in the play Richard is talking to his brother Clarence regarding his imprisonment, telling him that â€Å"...your imprisonment shall not be long. I will deliver you or else lie for you...simple, plain clarence, I do love thee so that i will shortly send thy soul to heaven† (Richard-I. i. 117-23). To prevent Clarence from interfering with his elaborate plan to steal the throne, he is going to kill him. Richard emphasizes his lack of morality by doing whatever he deems necessary to take the throne, with no regard to who he has to kill. By appearing to be a loving brother, he takes suspicion off of himself for when Clarence is killed. When the murderers Richard hires to kill ClarenceShow MoreRelatedRichard IIi, By William Shakespeare1168 Words   |  5 PagesChildren bring out the underlying dispositi on and wicked intentions we all possess. Richard III, by William Shakespeare, is a tragic play about the Duke of Gloucester who desires to be the king of England. He does this through the manipulation and murder of many characters, including Queen Elizabeth’s children, Prince Edward and the Duke of York. 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Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesmanaging, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect you will find this book timely, interesting and valuable. 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Abnormal Psychology Problem Excessive Use Of Marijuana And Alcohol Essay Example For Students

Abnormal Psychology Problem: Excessive Use Of Marijuana And Alcohol Essay Case StudyAbnormal PsychologyProblem Excessive use of marijuana and alcohol, especially within the last 2 years. Kurt began drinking and using marijuana at age 14 and by age 15 referred to theusage as heavy. Despite recently being caught for the theft of his parents TYME card and $400, which resulted in him being forced to join an AODA group, he stillcontinues to use on a regular basis. He has also gone to work while intoxicated and attended a school dance under the influence of marijuana. As a result he was fired from his job and had to undergo a urine screen in order to again be allowed back into his particular school. Regardless of these consequences, 17-year-old Kurt still uses. Background InformationDemographic: Male, age 17, white. Early life: The youngest son in a two parent family, one older brother, one deceased brother, and a younger sister. The oldest son was killed in a freak accident about six years ago. Kurt expresses that since the accident (which he doesnt remember) home life as been difficult. His mom has psychological and AODA issues and has been diagnosed with Munchausen syndrome. He had a good relationship with his father. Relationship with brother not very good. Current home life: Lives at home with both parents and younger sister in a single family house. Remaining older brother moved out, recently. Average middle-class neighborhood. Social life: Many friends with three to four being close. He enjoys being around people most of thetime. Education: Currently attends a parochial school, is on schedule for graduation. Hes in the 11th grade and getting passing grades (C-average). Employment: Currently working part-time after school and weekends. Previous job-he was fired for showing up intoxicated, however, has managed to keep a summertime job for the last two years. Military: N/AHealth: He rated current health as poor, stating bad lungs from previous bouts with pneumonia, and a bad back due to a 17% curvature of the spine causing muscle spasms in his lower back. Limitations: NoneMood: No history of depression or mania. Sleep: Occasional nightmares (2 to 3 times monthly). Appetite: No problems. Sexual function: N/AHistory of lost consciousness: Has passed out while drinking. Hospitalization: Twice for pneumonia. Medication: NoneAlcohol/drug use: Heavy use of marijuana and frequent useof alcohol. Has also experimented with narcotics which were stolen from his mother. Hallucinogens, including acid and shrooms. He is also a pack-a-day cigarette smoker. Observations and BehaviorsAttitude: Good rapport during interview, very cooperative,frank, and open. Appearance: Unremarkable. Motor: Posture slumped, seemed nervous, a little agitated,but held eye contact. Speech: Adequate and average. Language: Good vocabulary, normal. Attention: Adequate. Memory: Could not remember exact year his brother died. Otherwise, memory seemed fine, with accurate detail. Mood: No depression or mania. Has had occasional thoughts of suicide, but never attempted. In the past has had anger- management problem, and saw a therapist (after complaints by teachers) from 1987 to 1990. Affect: Appropriate and normal. Self-appraisal: Adequate. Insight: Consistent with abilities. Judgment: Adequate. Thoughts: Appropriate to content, no phobias, obsessions, etc. Perception: Normal. Attitude towards illness: Recognizes he has a problem, but doesnt see it as serious, therefore is not very motivated to fix, or work on the problem. DiagnosisAxis I: Substance abuse, particularly alcohol and cannabis, bordering on substance dependence. Axis II: N/AAxis III: Curvature of the spine. Axis IV: Mother with significant psychological problems combined with AODA issues due to death of oldest son. Axis V: 90Support for diagnosisSubstance abuse-Despite being caught numerous times for drinking and drug use, and suffering the resulting consequences, Kurt refuses to abstain from participating in these illegal activities. I initially thought that oppositional defiant disorder may be a more appropriate diagnosis, but the negative, defiant, and hostile aspects are not really present. Kurt seems defiant only in order to obtain the alcohol or drugs he wants. This attitude doesnt carry over into other aspects of his life. .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .postImageUrl , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:hover , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:visited , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:active { border:0!important; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:active , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frito-Lays Dips EssayTreatmentI recommend continued AODA group therapy, but also think individual talk therapy would benefit. I feel that the substance abuse is a symptom of an underlying problem, probably the result of the stressors at home. He may alsobe experiencing some mild depression and suffer from low self-esteem. Psychology Essays

Arts Week Essay Example For Students

Arts Week Essay Popular Culture and the Arts Student Name University of Phoenix ARTS/125-Pop Culture and the Arts The purpose Of this paper is to analyze my perceptions Of Popular Culture and the Arts. My very own definitions of and how they influence my cultural perception Of the world will be discussed. My definitions of and how these terms relate to my definition of art will also be discussed. My definition of is really anything that l, as an individual, find aesthetically pleasing, Art can be a painting, photograph, a song, a lump of clay, an advertisement, etc. Just about anything hat someone creates; that someone else is inclined to appreciate and look at can be considered art. Transcends art, in that it refines Fine art demonstrates a deeper focus, or even a specific talent, that an average person may not posses. For example, art might well describe a human stick-figure. However, fine art would describe the painting of a human figure, which expressed more extreme detail, or a specific talent that has much more detail within it, A special focus that is over and above what others may only think to mention. Which is more commonly referred to as ?C, -Poop is simply the art that is most appreciated y a larger portion of any given population. An is term lacking a more precise definition for me. Things that could be mass-produced as a result of some aspect of pop culture, such as a sign, a button, a sticker, etc. , could all be considered artifacts. They could incorporate some aspects Of art within their composition, but a weak representation of actual art. The dictionary defines art as quality, production, expression, or realm, according to aesthetic principles, of what is beautiful, appealing, or of more than ordinary (Art, 2009). Shimmer College defines fine art as ERM used to distinguish artworks considered to have rare and refined quality, often considered . By those who make such judgments . To be more worthy of preservation and study than or (Shimmer College, 2009). Encyclopedia Britannica defines popular art as dance, literature, music, theatre, or other art form intended to be received and appreciated by ordinary people in a literate, technologically advanced society dominated by urban (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009). The dictionary defines an artifact as mass-produced, usually inexpensive object reflecting contemporary society or popular (artifact, 2009). The terms of art, tine art, popular art, and artifact, do influence my cultural perception of the worlds There are aspects of art that do identity with a specific culture, like Mexican dress, Mexican music, and even Mexican food. The culture in which live is a great melting pot of cultures, and as such, am exposed to mixes and blends of music, dress, food, etc, that all come together to illustrate the culture in which IEEE_ identify With these aspects Of my culture. I have German and Scottish ancestry, but these things are not exactly part of the culture that identify With. Identify With them as part Of my heritage, but find hat they are of only minor influence in cultural identity living here in the united States. My definition Of culture is more or less how people typically dress, believe, the food they like to eat, etc. Living in San Diego as I do, find that my culture is more heavily influenced by Mexican culture that have seen in more northern areas of the United States. This me ans that it all that uncommon to hear people speaking more Spangling, eating proportionately more Mexican food, and even adopting more Mexican/Spanish styles (houses with terracotta tiles, etc). Even find that get along even better by being able to speak some Spanish as well. This is my culture. Elite culture is not something that I feel all that well suited to define. However, believe that elite culture comprises a culture that is experienced by a smaller group of people. A more elite culture. Lawyers might have more of an elite culture amongst themselves. Pop culture is a much easier term to define personally; it is the culture standards that are most widely accepted within a given population. .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 , .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 .postImageUrl , .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 , .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9:hover , .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9:visited , .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9:active { border:0!important; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9:active , .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9 .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9b0e8e07628119c70a2688f7e1bf8ad9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The People, Leisure, And Cultures Of Blacks During The Harlem Renaissa EssayEthnocentrism, believe, is the belief that 0,van race is better than others A trend would be to follow a given style, or that sort of thing. A fad would be similar to a trend, but it would be far more temporary in nature Princeton Worsened defines culture as ?CNN?all the knowledge and values shared by a society?C,?FL (Worsened, 2009). The Louisiana Division of the Arts defines elite culture as ?CNN?the culture and knowledge handed down, learned, and taught officially through formal institutions such as schools, colleges, museums, and conservatories as opposed to folk or popular (Louisiana Division Of The Arts, 1999). The dictionary defines popular culture as ?C, -?contemporary lifestyle and items that are well known and generally accepted, cultural patterns that are widespread within a population,-?CLC (pop culture, 2009). The University of Nebraska Kerrey defines Ethnocentrism as AC,-?the tendency of most people to use their own way of life as a standard for judging others; now also indicates the belief, on the part of most individuals, that their race, culture, society, etc. , are superior to all (Nun. Du, 2009), Answers. Mom defines a trend as general direction in which something tends to (Answers. Com, 2009). The Free Dictionary defines a fad as intense but short-lived fashion: the skateboard (The Free Dictionary, 2009). My own definition of art is not so erectly tied to the terms of culture, elite culture, pop culture, ethnocentrism, trend or even tad. Sure that they have eave had an influence on my perspectives, but for the most part feel as though my biggest appreciation for art has come f rom my parents and my grandfather. Not because of their cultural views, but because they took me to see things that they felt were beautiful and special. I cannot say that these visits with art meant a lot to me at the time, but in a way think they may have helped to program me. Have an appreciation for art, but not because of my race, or because it is popular, but because it is special and beautiful. Trends and fads happen and die, but I still feel the same way towards what would deem as real art. Since I endeavor to maintain an open mind, I look to anything new With as little bias as possible. Even tend to shun the very things that seem to scream out a sense of superiority due to the race card being played, because I do not believe that race is a valid factor in the appreciation Of art at all. It is little more than a bias, and truly believe that talent is race-blind. The real bottom line in all Of this is that believe the world has talented people in it. Believe that they may have biases and otherwise feel the impa ct of their culture s it is expressed in their art. However, I do not believe that race or culture truly plays such a big part in the appreciation of said art.

An interview is the opportunity to organize your future and develop your carrier, so take your preparation for it very serious and do not miss the following things.

An interview is the opportunity to organize your future and develop your carrier, so take your preparation for it very serious and do not miss the following things. Score twice before you cut once on interview Searching for a job or just preparing for the after-graduating period? That’s wonderful you turned to set your attention at this writing. If you are only starting your new carrier, there should be some tips and secrets that you are to be aware of to avoid failure. No matter even if you’re not sure this is the very job role, train your behavior during the interlocution, which will definitely bring you the required success. Of course, we do not suggest or motivate you to lie. We just want to pay your attention to that fact that alternative representation of the information makes a difference. Thus, you should show your interest and emphasize all the possible positive aspects. So you are in your final year and occupied with writing your thesis or any other pre-graduating activities. And as it often occurs, you have not worked anywhere yet. The way you answer to the item concerning professional experience can be: â€Å"I have none† and that is one step to failure. More effective variant will be: â€Å"I have none, since I devoted all my time to study. But now I possess sufficient theoretical background and am eager to implement what I know, develop my skills and grow in respect of professional attitude.† Tell us about yourself This question is often to happen during any interview. It seems to be very easy with no pitfalls, but this question should not be underestimated. Do not retell the details of your resume, or other things that your interviewer already has at his or her disposal. It makes no use for you. Giving the respond to these words, convince the person you are talking to that you deserve to take this job position. Mention your personal qualities or appropriate experience that will definitely be required for this job. While preparing to interview, think over a couple of your achievements that show all your best features and can attract the attention of the employer. How did you find out about us? Seems to be a question with no traps? It's not all that simple. The resources investigating which you got to know about position can show your kind of personality and what intentions you have. Thus, in case you send resumes without the purpose concerning the job you strive to obtain, that won’t be appreciated in the interview. In case you discovered on one of the job search sites, look through the important info in regard to the company and mention that you follow the activities of the firm and concern yourself with this stream of business. If you learned about the job role here by your friend, who works at the company, it is even better to mention, since it is like some kind of recommendation for you. Why exactly you should be hired for this position? Within the interview you can be asked questions of the following sort, â€Å"Why do we need to hire you?† or â€Å"What distinguishes you among other candidates?†. Do not lose your courage by hearing this. Such questions grant you one yet another chance to show your interest and passionate desire to work exactly at this company. You can also one more time mention about your best skills, which will be very suitable for this position. Do not speak words of praise concerning you and your skills, just give reasonable but positive assessment of your knowledge, experience and abilities. Show your motivation and willingness to work and gain best results. What are your salary expectations? This is the distinctive part of the interview, for which you should also prepare, since the financial aspect is of great importance and you cannot make a slip. Before interview make a little investigation to find out the average salary rate within this sphere. Search on the sites like Payscale or Glassdoor, there you can get the required information. Orientate on these numbers and announce a bit higher salary. In such a way you will show that you appreciate your skills and deserve an appropriate reward. At the same time you can demonstrate your desire and pliancy to discuss details in order to get the position. Do not treat these advices unserious when getting ready for an interview. Think what you say and receive the best job. Good luck!

US Army and Circadian Rhythm

US Army and Circadian Rhythm US Army and Circadian Rhythm Maintenance in the US army aviation is a combat multiplier. That is to say, when opposing forces have relative parity in numbers and quality of equipment, the force that combines skillful use of equipment with an effective maintenance has a decided advantage. The force has an initial advantage if it enters battle with equipment that is operational and likely to remain operational. It also has a subsequent advantage if it can quickly return damaged and disabled equipment to the battle. Therefore securing this advantage is the purpose of a maintenance system (Army aviation maintenance, 2006). Maintenance management therefore deals with the following factors affecting the unit mission: Command emphasis or intent. Day to day management skills. Supervision. Motivation. Technical skills. The commander sets the tone of what is important within the command. The soldiers in the command translate this concern into action. However to place emphasis on maintenance operations, the commander shows an active interest in these operations and in the material readiness of unit equipment. At the same time, the commanders need to balance mission, security, training and administrative requirements to form a cohesive unit. Maintenance managers continually strive to improve their operations. Because the management process itself plays a key role in maintenance operations, managers should always to improve planning, organizing, coordinating and controlling. Managers must always look for ways to be proactive rather reactive. In addition, feedbacks and after action reports are also vital tools used by managers. First line supervisors are the vital link in the chain of command. Supervisors are the commanders first line of defense in the prevention of accidents. The prevention of accidents through composite risk management reduces or eliminates lost man hours. Which will in turn, increase available manpower to execute units maintenance mission. First line supervisors however, must be aware of mission requirements and the capabilities and limitations of the soldiers under their control. They must continuously train their subordinates to support the needs of the battlefield. Motivation is the need instilled in an individual to perform designated tasks. The leadership demonstrated by supervisors and commanders greatly influences the motivation of soldiers. Effective leadership is effective to motivation. In this regard therefore effective leaders define objectives, communicate them, evaluate how they are achieved and provide feed back to soldiers doing the work. Since most soldiers always want to perform well, but they must know the objectives and standards and receive performance feed back. Technical skills involve the ability to perform tasks associated with duty positions. On the job training enhance these technical skills. Since a technically and tactically trained soldier is one of the commanders important assets. When the battle begins, untrained soldiers will be of little use to the commander. The commander therefore, must continuously strive for high levels of training so that he can provide adequate maintenance support to the operational units (Army aviation maintenance, 2006). Through adhering to the above policies, the US intend to improve the combat service support characteristics that is responsiveness, simplicity, flexibility, attainability, Sustainability, survivability, economy and integration. These are characteristics which apply across the range of military operations including units conducting offense, defense, stability and civil support operations (Army aviation maintenance, 2006). However, while attempting to implement the above policies with the aim of improving the combat service support, the circadian rhythm disruption still remain a hurdle to overcome as it affects all aviation industries. Our bodys biological functions work much like a finely tuned watch. Every part works in unison to keep the body in homeostasis (maintenance of the internal environment within tolerable limits). However, when one working part doesnt function normally, it tends to disrupt many other vital parts and can upset. Circadian rhythm is described as an internal biological clock that regulates our body functions, based on our wake/sleep cycle. Circadian rhythms are not only important in determining sleep cycles but also in feeding patterns. There are clear patterns of brain wave activity, hormone production, cell regeneration and other biological activities linked to these daily cycles. Any time that our normal 25-hour circadian rhythm is altered or interrupted, it will have physio logical and behavioral impacts. This is better known as circadian rhythm disruption, or CRD. Normal circadian rhythms are naturally altered as one ages including changes in sleep pattern with respect to earlier onset of sleepiness, early-morning awakenings and increased need for daytime napping (http://iflyasa.com/educational-information-aviation-training/flight-training/circadian-rhythm-disruption-aviation/). Shift work like the one in military aviation maintenance almost always causes a circadian rhythm disruption. Since the internal body clock is at odds with the shift schedule. Shift-work problems range from performance issues to accidents and health problems. Of all the stressors in aviation, jet lag or rapid time zone change syndrome seems to have the biggest impact. This syndrome consists of symptoms that include excessive sleepiness and a lack of daytime alertness in people who travel across time zones. Other Symptoms include fatigue, insomnia, disorientation, headaches, digestive problems, and lightheadedness. Jet lag is more evident if one flies from west to east because it is more difficult for ones body to adjust to losing time when you journey east than to gaining time, when one fly from east to west. Similarly circadian rhythm disruption-induced fatigue that goes untreated or ignored will have both physiological and psychological ramifications that not only can jeopardize one s personal health but can also become a safety-of-flight issue (http://iflyasa.com/educational-information-aviation-training/flight-training/circadian-rhythm-disruption-aviation/). Although various tips exist that can be used to minimize circadian rhythm disruption in our daily life, most of them are likely to be overlooked in the army aviation maintenance due to the nature and complexity of its operations. Hence some of the aspirations of the US army aviation maintenance might not be achieved in the long run.

Report on Religious Field Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Report on Religious Field Research - Essay Example By examining deeply and becoming aware of various religious practices of every religion may contribute to understanding and appreciation of each recognized beliefs and values. This is the purpose of this paper. This will also present a unique experience of attending personally one of the church’s services to actually see what is the strength of a certain religious group that holds each member tightly organized and unified in worship to God. Report on Religious Field Service: St. Athanasius Greek Orthodox Church Regardless of where we live, we can see the conspicuous effects of religion in the lives of millions of people. Since religion is about our relationship with God, our spirituality, what is more expected from us is the influence of our religious teachings in our personality, daily conduct, and with our relationship towards the people around us. However, religion with its various forms, created a society characterized with conflicts, battles and even wars, instead of a pe aceful society. We are all aware of the past, wherein some dominant religions in the world played a role in great wars that devastated mankind and caused untold suffering. This may be one major reason why some people refused to talk or discuss about religion. Or maybe, some may experience a heated argument if they discuss about their differences in their religious practices and beliefs. ... Additionally, interest on knowing about other religious beliefs may correct some misconceptions about them. Among the various groups of religion in the world, the dominant one is Christianity. About one quarter of the world’s population claim to be Christian, yet, divided into various sects. The prominent forms are Roman Catholic, the Orthodox Church, the Reformists or Protestants in its numerous sects such as Episcopalian, Lutheran, Calvinist, Baptist, Methodist and other churches. All of these churches consider themselves to be established respectable religion. I am interested to examine and know more about the St. Athanasius Greek Orthodox Church because on my opinion, as I have observed, its religious beliefs and practices are very similar with the Roman Catholic. So, why does this church has to separate itself and be recognized differently? So, I decided to attend one of its Sunday services to see the actual liturgical ceremony and practices. I believe this is one best wa y to correct any misconception about them. To my surprise, the church or cathedral itself is far different from the Roman Catholic Church. It is very colorful because instead of various relics and icons, the church is surrounded by hand-painted illustrations of various Jesus Christ’s image, his twelve apostles, angels and even images of Mary, all painted in the walls. All the paintings have relevant stories on the life of Jesus. According to one worshiper I asked, artworks in the wall contribute to a feeling of heavenly splendor while observing the liturgical ceremony, which is very solemn and serene. He also commented that the paintings in the walls constantly reminding him of the